What is the USB port on a router for?
Many routers include a USB port, usually on the back or side. It lets you attach a device to the router so that other devices on your network can use it. What it can do depends on the router’s firmware, so the same port can offer quite different features on different models. Always check your router’s manual or admin page.
Common uses
Simple file sharing (network storage)
Plug in a flash drive or an external hard drive, enable file sharing in the router settings, and other computers on the network can usually browse the files over SMB (Windows-style file sharing). It is handy for sharing documents or photos around the home without a computer being switched on.
Media streaming
Some routers include a media server feature (often DLNA/UPnP) that lets smart TVs and media players play videos, music and photos from the attached drive. Support varies, and on some models it is switched off by default and has to be enabled in the settings. One forum user reports that a router’s built-in browser interface copied a movie before playing it rather than streaming it, so results depend on the model and software.
Printer sharing
Older printers with only a USB connection can sometimes be shared over the network through the router’s USB port. Support is hit and miss, particularly for multifunction printers and scanning, so check your router’s compatibility list.
Backup drive
Some routers can use an attached drive as a backup target for computers, for example with built-in backup tools. This depends on the brand.
Mobile broadband backup
Some routers accept a USB mobile modem or a tethered phone as a backup internet connection if your main service goes down. This is a model-specific feature and not commonly supported, so confirm before buying anything. For how cellular internet works at home, see how a 4G router works.
How to set up a USB drive on your router
Steps differ by brand, but the general approach is:
- Plug the drive into the router’s USB port.
- Log in to the router’s admin page (the address and login are typically on the label).
- Find a section called something like USB, Storage, ReadySHARE or Network Storage.
- Turn on file sharing and, if you want it, the media server.
- Choose shared folders and decide whether a username and password are needed.
- On a Windows PC, open File Explorer and enter the router’s address as a network path. On a Mac, use Finder and choose Connect to Server. The router’s guide usually gives the exact path.
If you cannot get in, see our guide to the parts of your router for how to find the model and label.
Limits to know about
- Speed. A router’s USB port and processor are usually slower than a dedicated network storage device, so large transfers can be slow.
- Drive format. Routers do not all support every file system. Check which formats your model reads.
- Power. Some portable hard drives draw more power than a router’s port can deliver, and may not spin up or may disconnect.
- Security. An open share can be seen by everyone on your network, so use a password where possible. Keep router firmware up to date. Do not open the drive to the internet unless you know what you are doing; read how to access your router from outside your home network for the risks first.
- Not a full NAS. It works for light sharing, but a real NAS is better for important data, backups and heavy use.
Which routers have a USB port?
Many mid-range and higher-end routers do, while some budget models and many mesh nodes do not. The only reliable way is to check the specifications for your model or look at the back of the router.
How many ports does a normal router have?
It varies, but a common layout is one WAN port, four LAN ports and sometimes one USB port. See LAN ports on a router and the WAN port for the other ports.
What if the USB drive doesn’t show up?
Try a different drive or port, check the drive format, make sure the USB feature is turned on in the admin page, and restart the router. If a powered hub or a drive with its own power adapter helps, the router may not be supplying enough power.